Will New SNAP Stocking Requirements Increase Access to Healthy Food or Put Convenience Stores Out of Business?

The USDA has finally released its “Updated Staple Food Stocking Standards for Retailers in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program,” which will go into effect on November 4, 2026. The new rule requires retailers to stock seven varieties in four staple food categories—protein, grains, vegetables or fruits, and dairy. One variety in each of three different categories must be perishable. “Accessory” foods like chips, snack cakes, ice cream, granola bars, and jerky do not count as staple foods.

Most trade organizations, including the Food Industry Association and the National Grocers Association, are in favor of the new guidelines. The American Heart Association calls the new requirements “an important step forward in ensuring everyone has reliable access to a variety of nutritious foods that help people live longer, healthier lives.” 

Not everyone is excited, though. NACS, a convenience store trade group, argues that “meeting the new requirements can be difficult for convenience stores.” The Food Research and Action Center (FRAC) estimates that “about 5,000 retailers in underserved areas might be excluded from the program, potentially decreasing food access in these communities.” 

In response to these concerns, the USDA pointed out that one of the purposes of SNAP is “to raise the levels of nutrition among low-income households.” It notes that convenience stores represent 44 percent of all SNAP retailers but only 5 percent of SNAP redemptions—meaning that the majority of SNAP recipients are not relying on convenience stores to redeem their benefits.

Most retailer SNAP violations (76 percent) and cases of fraud are also perpetrated by convenience stores. One convenience store owner in Boston, for example, illegally exchanged SNAP benefits for cash and liquor. Another convenience store in Milwaukee stole over $1.6 million dollars from SNAP in three years. Aside from such outright fraud, the USDA’s Food and Nutrition Service has disqualified 3,200 retailers since 2024 for not meeting stocking standards.

The USDA concluded, “Given the limited retail food store options in low food access areas, the Department believes it is even more important that SNAP-authorized retailers in such areas carry a wide variety of staple foods rather than expecting SNAP households to rely on stores whose primary food sales business is accessory foods.” 

As for the health aspect, the Center for Science in the Public Interest calls the rule “a missed opportunity to help SNAP participants ‘eat real food’ by failing to tie the standards to any kind of nutrition requirements.” USDA responded to the suggestion that retailers be required to stock healthy foods by saying, “Such changes are outside of the scope of this rulemaking.”

Under the new rules, chocolate milk counts as a dairy variety, canned beef stew counts as protein, and frozen burritos count as a grain. Stores can still qualify for SNAP without offering much that meets the new Dietary Guidelines’ recommendations to eat all whole grains and avoid ultra-processed foods. But at least requiring retailers to offer a wider variety of foods is a step in the right direction.